Filing Center
Thistle Marble Arch Hotel
London, United Kingdom
5:38 P.M. (Local)
MR. HAMMER: Good afternoon, everybody. As promised, we're going to do a readout of the Chinese
bilat with President Hu. We have here two individuals who will be briefing as senior
administration officials on background.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Thanks, Mike. This was the first meeting between President
Obama and President Hu. As you may know, they spoke on the phone after President Obama's
election last November, and then they spoke shortly after the inauguration by phone. In the
succeeding months, we have had a visit by Secretary Clinton to China and a visit by the Foreign
Minister, Yang Jiechi, to Washington and he met with President Obama. But this is the first
time the two have met face to face.
The U.S. and China have a history of somewhat ragged relations during transitions -- 1980,
1988, 1992 and 2000, there were disruptions in the relationship that took some time to get
over. This transition has gone I would say smoothly. Smooth is not merely good because those of
us in the government like smooth, but also because it allows you to build some trust and some
confidence in the relationship on the two sides that you can draw on later when you hit more
difficult issues.
In terms of the meeting, the subjects that were discussed -- and I'll at this point, I'll just
list them and we get into more depth later. What I would highlight from the meeting is, number
one, President Hu invited President Obama to visit China in the second half of the year, and
President Obama accepted.
Number two, they announced the establishment of the strategy and economic dialogue, to be
headed on the U.S. side by Secretary Clinton and Geithner and on the Chinese side by Vice
Premier Wang Qishan and State Councilor Dai Bingguo.
They discussed a range of issues -- which I would say, I will just mention at this stage --
they discussed bilateral relations, including military-to-military relations. They discussed
dialogues between the two sides. They discussed economic questions, which they -- excuse me,
which will be discussed later.
In terms of regional and global issues, they discussed North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, and
Afghanistan, Sudan. They also discussed human rights and Tibet. They discussed Taiwan and
climate change. Those are the ones that I recall. If I'm missing any, I'll try to make them up
later.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The Presidents began with a discussion of the global economy.
The Presidents agreed that the strong links between China and the U.S. economies have been a
great mutual benefit, both in terms of trade and investment, and they were eager to build on
that. They expressed their concerns that the global crisis is posing a threat to our economies
and to our trade. There was discussion about the G20 meeting beginning this evening. Each took
note of the large fiscal stimulus that our two countries, the U.S. and China, have undertaken
-- or recently undertaken -- and stressed -- and President Obama stressed the need to make sure
that there's mutual stimulus for mutual benefit and growth within the G20.
He also said that it was important to set up regulatory mechanisms to deal with the problems
in banks and the huge growth in capital markets.
There was also a discussion of the international financial institutions. They discussed the
augmentation of resources for the IMF and the mobilization of resources by the World Bank and
multilateral development banks. President Obama stressed that the replenishment of the IMF
should take place in a broader context over time, in which there are institutional reforms
under which China and other rapidly growing countries can have -- can take on an appropriate
role in governance, and expressed his understanding of China's desire for an appropriate
governance role.
The President also expressed his commitment to preventing protectionism and other forms of
economic nationalism.
MR. HAMMER: All right, and with that we'll take some questions. Go ahead.
Q On the economic issue, there wasn't any mention of currency and -- a two-way -- one in the
sense that the Chinese have expressed in the past and very recently their concern about the
U.S. dollar, and secondly, their proposal for using -- a substitute for the U.S. dollar.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Right, there was no mention of either of those two subjects.
Q Could you repeat the question?
Q Why not?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: You'll have to ask President Hu.
Q It was not deemed important enough by either side?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: You can speak to the Chinese about their agenda.
Q I'm trying to speak to the Americans.
Q Well, I guess it didn't come up.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: It didn't come up.
Q Can you repeat the question please?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The question was -- yes, sure. The question was whether either
of the two issues regarding currency that had been raised in press reports on China in the last
couple of weeks had come up during the meeting; the first being the comments that had been made
by the Premier a couple of weeks ago about U.S. Treasury bonds; and the comment more recently
that was made with respect to the development of some kind of alternative reserve currency to
the dollar. And my answer was that neither subject came up.
Q Okay. One on North Korea. Could you elaborate what kind of discussion did they have in terms
of North Korea's possible missile launch. I mean, the Russian President and President Obama
expressed their concern about the possible missile launch and did both leaders from China and
United States have the same concerns in their meeting?
Secondly, on military-to-military exchanges, President Obama once said when he had the
discussion with Chinese Foreign Ministry -- Foreign Minister in the Oval Office that she
expressed importance to raise the level and the frequency of the military-to-military contacts.
Did they have any sort of discussion in the meeting today on that? Thank you.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Okay, first on North Korea, President Obama made clear our
view that the likely -- expected launch of a missile by the North Koreans we view as a
provocative act, as a violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions, and as one that will have
an unwelcome impact on stability -- on security and stability interests of the region. He also
made clear that we will respond in the event of a launch. The U.N. Security Council is the
natural venue for a response since this would be a violation of U.N. Security Council
resolutions. And he reiterated our commitment to the six-party process and to
denuclearization.
As for military -- as for the Chinese response, you'll need to speak to the Chinese to get
their response. It's not for me to speak for President Hu.
As for military issues, President Obama raised the importance of military-to-military
exchanges; said that we -- he mentioned -- he alluded -- he referred to the incidents in the
South China Sea; said that it -- military-to-military relations and high-level exchanges are an
important way of managing possible differences and possible incidents. And he said that we are
committed to that.
You will see I think a press statement that was put out by our side that gives a -- I would
say a consensus between the U.S. and China on this issue if you want to see what the Chinese
are saying.
Q Just to follow up. On North Korea, could you tell a little bit more about what kind of
action are you seeking at the U.N.?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Well, we're consulting with members of the Security Council
and consulting with the other six-party members, and action would depend on those
consultations.
Q Did the President convey he would go to the Security Council to President Hu?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No.
Q No, he did not make that --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No.
Q What was the question?
Q What is "no"? What was the question?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The question was whether the President raised that the issue
of a North Korean launch would be brought to the Security Council.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No -- maybe I misunderstood.
Q Did the President tell President Hu that if the launch goes forward, he will take the matter
up --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I'm sorry, I answered your question meaning the President
personally. Then the answer to that is no. No, we expect that the U.N. Security Council will be
seized of this issue if the North Koreans launch, and President Obama made that clear.
Q Did the issue of global trade imbalances come up? The President referred to it in the press
briefing today.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, it didn't come up in the discussion. The discussion of
trade was about the ways in which the crisis has lowered trade for everybody, the level of
trade, and the need for fiscal stimulus generally in order to bring recovery and growth and
recovery and trade. And there was not discussion of imbalances.
Q I just want to clarify the question just to make sure we get the right answer.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I apologize. Let me just try this question once more and make
sure I'm answering the question you're asking, okay.
Q The question I'm asking is, in the conversation with President Hu, did President Obama make
it clear that if North Korea launches, that he will take it to the Security Council, the U.S.
government will take it to --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The answer is yes. Okay.
Q And is there any way, shape, or form you can characterize the interaction between the two
leaders on this subject? Because it's a futile gesture if the Chinese veto or in some way
obstruct any action or reaction by the Security Council.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I mean, all I can say on that is -- I'm sorry, I misunderstood
the question before because the word "he"; I misunderstood. The Chinese clearly are concerned
about the prospect of a launch and they know that we'll be going to the U.N. Security Council.
The Chinese have not said what they are going to do, have not said that they will block action.
I think what the Chinese will do is still to be seen.
The Chinese have played a helpful role as convener of the six-party talks and they have
conveyed our views and the views of our allies effectively to the North Koreans. So --
Q On the launch?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No -- well, they have on the launch, yes. But I was speaking
more generally, but on the launch, as well. They have -- they conveyed -- they've conveyed
their concerns to the North Koreans about that, as well, yes.
Getting back to the question --
Q Yes, I wanted to ask, what would be the -- what would have been the position of the
President vis-?-vis the bond issue and the currency issue? Can you state what the
administration's position will be today vis-?-vis what --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, I just want to give a readout on the meeting and not get
into other subjects.
Q On the financial side of this, the President this morning stated the United States would not
return to a position of being a voracious consumer. Obviously no one fed that voracious
appetite more actively than the Chinese. Did the President indicate to President Hu this same
sense that over the long term we can't go back to the position that we were in before?
And to just make sure I understand this correctly, the Chinese in the past have asked the
North Koreans not to launch and not to conduct a nuclear test, and have been rebuffed in both
cases. So I'd be interested if President Hu gave an assessment of what his influence was --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: David, on your economic question, the President explained the
steps that he was taking, that the administration is taking in the United States in order to
stimulate the economy but also ensure that with his long-term budget that the finances of the
United States will be kept in a proper balance, and said that we are -- do not favor a return
to boom-and-bust economics.
Q He did say that?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, actually, he just said -- he simply, speaking for us, that
we would -- that he is taking steps to stimulate the economy, that we are cognizant of the
inflation risks that many are concerned about, and that with his efforts to bring the budget
deficit down over the long term, he was confident that the United States would keep its economy
in proper balance.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: David, President Hu did not assess in any way the degree of
Chinese influence over North Korean decision-making.
Q You mentioned that President Obama stressed the need for mutual stimulus for mutual benefit.
Did President Hu respond in some way that would indicate whether his emphasis was on additional
stimulus, as President Obama has stated, or if he is also cautious about additional stimulus?
And second of all, you mentioned human rights, and I wondered if President Obama was able to
secure any specific commitments, especially in regard to Sudan and Tibet.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: On your first question, there was not a detailed discussion of
stimulus, but the leaders agreed that on -- that the stimulus that they were undertaking was
important and would be mutually beneficial. And the President made clear that he thought that
for the G20, it was important that there be mutual stimulus for mutual benefit.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The President -- President Obama made clear this particular
concern about the -- Khartoum's expulsion of the NGOs and the humanitarian impact that is
happening. And again, I don't want to characterize Chinese responses.
On Tibet, President -- the President said that it's -- that human rights are an essential
aspect, central component, of U.S. foreign policy; that we are going to speak frankly about
differences as well as about areas of cooperation.
But this is an area of difference. He expressed concern over the human rights situation in
Tibet. He recognized that -- you know, stated our view that Tibet is a part of China, but that
we are concerned from a human rights point of view, and said he hoped that there would be
progress in dialogue between the Dalai Lama's representatives in China to address these
concerns.
Q Could you give us some idea of the atmospherics of this meeting? I mean, it seems like it
might have been a fairly scripted sort of meeting, as sometimes these first summits are with
China. And what areas do you think that you can make progress on, running up to the summit at
the end of the year in China?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I would describe the meeting as business-like. They went --
you know, you have an hour meeting with translation; you've got a lot of issues to cover. And
they went through pretty much all of the major issues that one would have expected. In these
meetings there is not time to do much else.
I think that the atmosphere of the meeting was good. Keep in mind this is the first time these
gentlemen have met. So I guess I would just -- I would stick to "business-like."
Q (Inaudible.)
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Well, I think that the issues that were discussed in the
meeting, President Obama considers those the top of our agenda. And we are looking to work with
the Chinese on global issues. Global issues means the economy and all the political issues I
mentioned.
So the President made clear that we aren't going to be able to resolve any of these global
issues unless the U.S. and China work together. He wants to have the kind of relationship with
the Chinese where we can look to them to help us resolve these questions.
So this meeting, I saw, as the first step at the presidential level towards accomplishing
that.
Q Just want to follow up with the Sudan issue. As you know, the Chinese, having invested
heavily in the oil sector in Sudan, they've been very supportive of President Bashir, who's
been indicted for war crimes.
Did the President Obama ask for specific measures that he wants to see the Chinese doing in
regard to the situation in -- or their support, rather, in Sudan to the Khartoum government?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The specific issue that President Obama raised was the
humanitarian issue and the importance of the NGOs being able to serve the humanitarian needs of
the people of Darfur.
Q Today, President Obama had two major meetings -- one with the President of China, the other
one was Russian President. What was the significance of these two meetings, and importance?
What would you say to --
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I would say that the era of the Cold War when there was a
three-way relationship, where each of the three looked very closely at the other two and sought
to use one against the other, is over. We view the relationship with Russia and the
relationship with China as important in its own right. And we do not see the -- good relations
with the two as inconsistent, and we don't see one as a card or a lever to be used against the
other.
Q Did they find any common ground on the Iran question, and taking into account that the
President had a meeting with the Russian President today, was there any exchange between the
Chinese President and President Obama about personal matters?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: On Iran, there is a consensus between the two that Iran should
not have nuclear weapons. That was clear and explicit in the meeting. On personal matters --
Q -- nuclear weapons or nuclear capability?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Nuclear -- a nuclear weapons program, nuclear weapons
capability. I would have to go and look at the exact transcript. But it was very clear that the
Chinese do not want Iran to have nuclear weapons, is the way I would put it.
As for personal matters, I mean, there was a brief personal discussion at the beginning and
the end and in some of the transitions. Obviously, President Hu's desire for President Obama to
visit China is meant to build a personal relationship. But I -- you know, it was a meeting with
time limits, and they had a lot -- a long agenda to get through.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Well, thank you very much.
END 
6:00 P.M. (Local)